前列腺癌怎样治疗

前列腺癌如何治疗配图，仅供参考

Standard curative treatment of prostate cancer patients involves surgery (radical prostatectomy) or radiation therapy (external beam radiation or/and brachytherapy) . However,in many low- volume and low-grade cancers,potential progression is so slow that observation can be a safe alternative . This is called active surveillance if radical treatment is considered or watchful waiting if only palliative therapy is an option . In advanced cases,when radical treatment cannot be implemented,androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the treatment of choice. It involves bilateral orchiectomy or pharmacological castration with androgen receptor antagonists,GnRH agonists,or GnRH antagonists. In upfront metastatic patients,ADT should be combined with docetaxel chemotherapy or abiraterone . At later disease stages,when prostate cancer is no longer castration sensitive (castration-resistant prostate cancer),there are several second-line treatment options,including chemotherapy (docetaxel and cabazitaxel),new antiandrogens (enzalutamide,apalutamide),steroidogenesis inhibitor (abiraterone),immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T),or radioactive compounds (radium 223) .","department":"