初期高血压怎样治疗

初期高血压如何治疗配图，仅供参考

7.4 Hypertension treatments
Today,there is a general agreement that not only severe but also mild-moderate hypertension should be treated. There is no full consensus on when to start antihypertensive treatment,and what is the first line drug treatment. The goal of antihypertensive therapy has to be individual in order to optimize the benefits and minimize the risk for each patient.
Antihypertensive drugs should be given initially in a relatively low dosage to avoid blood pressure lowering. The need to “start low and go slow” is even greater in the elderly,whose blood pressure should be reduced by gradual titration
The list of the more common approaches:
Antihypertensive drugs
Exercise
Quitting smoking
Regular blood pressure monitoring
Stress reduction
Dietary changes
Weight loss
Controlling cholesterol levels
Reducing alcohol consumption
Lifestyle modifications for hypertension prevention and management:
Lose weight if overweight
Limit alcohol intake to no more than 30 ml of ethanol (720 ml of beer,300 ml of wine,or 60 ml of 100-proof whiskey) per day or 15 ml of ethanol per day
Increase aerobic physical activity (30-45 min most days of the week)
Reduce sodium intake to no more than 100 mmol/d (2.4 g of sodium or 6 g of sodium chloride)
Maintain adequate intake of dietary potassium (approximately 90 mmol/d)
Maintain adequate intake of dietary calcium and magnesium for general health
Stop smoking and reduce intake of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol for overall cardiovascular health
Antihypertensive treatment now include six classes of antihypertensive agents according to WHO-ISH guidelines ):
Diuretics
Beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium antagonists
Alfa-blockers
AT1-receptor blockers
Strong clinical evidence supports the “compelling indications,” as designated in the JNC-VI report,of certain drugs in four conditions that may accompany hypertension: diabetes with nephropathy (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors); congestive heart failure (ACE inhibitors and diuretics); systolic hypertension in the elderly (diuretics and long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists) and postmyocardial infarction (beta blockers with nonintrinsic sympathomimetic activity and with systolic dysfunction,ACE inhibitors).
The combinations of different antihypertensive drugs should be added until the goal blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg is reached,and even lower in those patients with renal insufficiency,diabetes or congestive heart failure","department":"