人格分裂怎样治疗

人格分裂如何治疗配图，仅供参考

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERS
The gold standard of treatment for personality disorders remains psychotherapy,with the success of the therapy being dependent on the patient’s diagnoses,motivation,insight,cognitive functioning,and willingness to change interpersonal patterns and interactions. The studies reviewed all agree that the need for support and utilization of resources for individuals with comorbid ID and personality disorders distinguish them from persons with ID without personality disorders. Overall,psychological and behavioral interventions are preferable to medications,unless there are co-occurring symptoms or conditions that could benefit from pharmacologic management. Any pharmacologic intervention should focus on the targeted symptoms of mood lability,depression,and psychosis,and must be used in combination with psychotherapeutic and behavioral strategies. Patients presenting with Cluster A pathology might benefit from antipsychotic medications; those with Cluster B symptoms,including emotional lability and impulse control,might benefit from mood stabilizers. In the general population,individuals with personality disorders often have co-occurring substance use,depressive,and anxiety disorders; it is important that the clinician screen for these and treat appropriately.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed by Linehan for the treatment of BPD in the outpatient treatment setting. DBT has been found to be effective in reducing self-injurious behavior and number of days hospitalized in patients with BPD. There is evidence that this form of treatment would benefit individuals with ID as well. First,DBT is a skills-based model consistent with the habilitative approach,already frequently utilized in other interventions for patients with ID. DBT recognizes that the individual in treatment has likely experienced or is currently experiencing an “invalidating“ environment,where thoughts,feelings,and needs might not have been adequately recognized for numerous reasons. Furthermore,the promotion of self-advocacy of the individual would be beneficial for persons with ID. This is consistent with traits of assertiveness,independence,and empowerment commended in persons with ID.
Multiple authors have outlined clinical pearls for the management and treatment of personality disorders in the ID population,which include the following:
Focus on reducing risk of damage to self and others
Establish a safe environment
Educate staff
Conceptualize the personality disorder in a therapeutic framework
Debrief staff
Encourage consistency,cohesiveness,and reliability
Remain consistent in all aspects of treatment
Provide a consistent daily schedule and clear behavioral goals
Reduce staff turnover and provide reliable care and consistent work from physicians and therapists
Give the patient concrete and easily understood rules of behavior,with the goal of eliminating specific negative behaviors
Create rules that make clear the consequences of behavior and must be followed consistently across staff and across environments
Give the patient a means of self-control (e.g.,relaxation techniques,etc.)","department":"