新人999水痘如何治疗方法配图，仅供参考
TreatmentVaricella is usually a self-limited illness in otherwise healthy children. Treatment is especially recommended for patients at high risk to develop serious VZV infections such as those with conditions compromising their immune system (cancer,use of immunosuppressants,extremes of ages). Acyclovir or valacyclovir may also be given to otherwise healthy patients who develop varicella to facilitate recovery. In addition to antivirals,another therapeutic intervention includes varicella zoster immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. Acyclovir (or valacyclovir) is most commonly given for varicella due to reasons of safety and tolerability; foscarnet (which is more toxic) is reserved for VZV resistant to acyclovir. Antivirals are most effective when used early in the course of the disease (within 72 h of the onset of the rash) ). Antivirals have a limited role once disease is established except among immunocompromised individuals where viral replication can be prolonged. Immune globulin is used in the prevention of VZV infection among high-risk patients who are susceptible to varicella but it has no role once infection is established ). Varicella zoster immune globulin is currently available in the United States as VariZIG,which must be ordered from FFF Enterprises,Temecula,CA. If for some reason VariZIG is not available,intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used instead. Further details on therapy and prophylaxis are given in the Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (The Red Book) of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
The diagnosis of varicella and HZ can usually be made clinically,due to the characteristic appearance of the rash. If laboratory diagnosis is indicated,it is best made by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or direct immunofluorescence on swabs of skin lesions. These results may be available within 1–2 days ). The diagnosis may also be made by testing saliva specimens for VZV DNA by PCR ). Viral culture is rarely used today because it is not only time-consuming,and expensive,but also less sensitive than PCR. Antibody testing on acute and convalescent sera is usually too time-consuming to be useful diagnostically ).","department":"
