皮肤过敏怎样治疗

皮肤过敏如何治疗配图，仅供参考

3.2.2. Systemic Therapeutics
A. An oral antihistamine may provide some benefits in certain circumstances; histamine is considered to be one of the main inducers of pruritus in AD . Some studies have suggested that only short-term use of first-generation antihistamines,also known as sedative antihistamines,may be effective in AD because their sedative effect improves sleep quality . A study compared the use of second-generation antihistamines with and without TCSs in AD patients. The results showed a notable improvement in pruritus and a decrease in blood histamine and tryptase levels in both groups. Another randomized control trial also revealed a significant reduction in pruritus when treating AD patients with a combination of TCSs and fexofenadine,a second-generation antihistamine . According to these studies,it seems that both first- and second-generation antihistamines may be helpful for the treatment of AD.
B. Immunosuppressive medications,as second- or third-line treatment of AD,include cyclosporine,methotrexate,azathioprine,and mycophenylate mofetil. The mechanisms of these agents differ,but their final action is to prevent the activation of T and/or B cells. Before using these immunosuppressive agents,the diagnosis should be confirmed,and other skin diseases,including allergic contact dermatitis and mycosis fungoides,should be ruled out. It is also important to ensure compliance with previous therapies. The selection of these agents should be individualized,as each has its own clinical efficacy and adverse effects .
C. Phototherapy utilizes UV light to treat skin diseases and functions primarily by suppressing the expression of cytokines,including IL5,IL13,and IL31,as well as by reducing the numbers of T cells and DCs . Phototherapy also increases microbial diversity on the skin and decreases the proportion of S. aureus in AD patients . It produced clinical improvement in,and was well tolerated by,both psoriasis and AD patients . Current types of phototherapy for AD include broadband UVB,narrowband UVB,and UVA-1 therapy,as well as UVA therapy plus 8-methoxypsoralens (PUVA),308 nm excimer laser (EL),and full-spectrum light (FSL). However,only a few long-term clinical trials have been performed for these modalities. In a systemic review that investigated the efficacy of different modalities of phototherapy in AD,narrowband UVB and UVA-1 were two effective phototherapies for moderate to severe AD . Phototherapy is a valid second-line treatment for both psoriasis and AD patients who have not responded to first-line topical treatment. As no one modality is superior to all,and with a risk of photocarcinogenesis induced by newer modalities,more studies investigating the long-term effects of phototherapy are warranted .","department":"