疖子怎样治疗

疖子如何治疗配图，仅供参考

Description of the intervention
Various interventions have been suggested for treating folliculitis ),including local application of moist heat,phototherapy,antiseptic agents,antibiotics alone,or combination therapy. Treatment of fluctuating boils often requires drainage of the lesion,and for severe infections systemic antibiotics should be given until signs of inflammation have regressed.
Local moist heat around 38 ?C to 40 ?C applied for 15 to 20 minutes may increase local blood flow,may establish drainage,and has proved helpful in the treatment of newly emerged folliculitis or boils ). No adverse effects of local moist heat are known ).
Topical antibiotics may be used in treating folliculitis and boils when the number of lesions is limited,or they may be used in combination with other interventions,for example incision and drainage ). Available preparations include fusidic acid 2% cream twice daily ),clindamycin 2% gel twice daily,and mupirocin 2% ointment applied two to three times daily ). These drugs are topically applied over the lesion. Topical antibiotics may cause contact dermatitis,dryness,or pruritus over the applied area. However,these adverse events are usually minor ). No major drug‐drug interactions between these topical antibiotics and other medications are known ).
Topical antiseptic agents may be manufactured as gel (such as benzoyl peroxide 2% to 10% twice daily),cream,soap,or solution (e.g. hypochlorite 3% to 5% solution) ). These antiseptics may be used alone or in combination with antibiotics for treating folliculitis and boils,especially in recurrent furunculosis ). The adverse events of benzoyl peroxide are usually mild and mainly include skin irritation over the application site ). No drug interactions of topical antiseptics are known ).
Some Chinese herbal compounds may be used in folliculitis and boils treatment,for example Dieda Xiaoyan Gao ointment containing baizaoxiu,danshen,huangyaopian,zhizi,dahuang,baizhi,shengbanxia,shengnanxing,narukawa,caowu,and camphor,have been given to boils patients ).
Systemic antibiotics may be used for treating folliculitis and boils,especially when systemic symptoms such as fever,lymphadenitis,or cellulitis appear ). Regimens and common drug‐drug interactions of systemic antibiotics are listed in [Table 9](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8130991/table/CD013099-tbl-0009/) . First‐line oral antibiotics including dicloxacillin (250 mg four times daily) and cephalosporins (such as cefadroxil 500 mg twice daily) are commonly used. For antibiotic‐resistant S aureus that has emerged in the community,clindamycin,tetracyclines,trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole,linezolid,or glycopeptide (e.g. parenteral vancomycin) may be used ). Oral or parenteral ciprofloxacin 400 to 500 mg twice daily with antipseudomonal activity may be administered for gram‐negative folliculitis such as hot tub folliculitis ). Potential adverse events of systemic antibiotics include allergic reactions,neurological or psychiatric disturbances,and diarrhoea ). Systemic antibiotics may be used in combination with topical antiseptics for treating folliculitis and boils ). For some cases of folliculitis,especially those caused by S aureus,a course of oral antibiotics may be administered over 7 to 10 days ).


Clindamycin

Adult: 150 to 300 mg orally every 6 hours,600 to 1200 mg/d IV or IM divided every 6 to 12 hours
Paediatric: 8 to 16 mg/kg/d orally divided every 6 to 8 hours; 15 to 20 mg/kg/d IV or IM divided every 6 to 8 hours


Concurrent use of clindamycin and kaolin may result in decreased absorption of kaolin.
Concurrent use of clindamycin and muscle relaxants (e.g. atracurium,baclofen,diazepam) may result in increased frequency and duration of respiratory paralysis.
Concurrent use of clindamycin and St John’s wort may result in a decreased level of clindamycin.



Tetracyclines

Adult: 500 mg orally twice daily or 250 mg orally 4 times per day
Paediatric: (older than 8 years) 25 to 50 mg/kg orally in 4 equally divided doses


Concurrent use of tetracycline and atovaquone may result in decreased atovaquone levels.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and digoxin may result in increased toxicity of digoxin.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane may result in increased toxicity,polyuria,and renal failure.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and sucralfate may result in decreased absorption of tetracycline.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and aluminium,bismuth,iron,or Mg 2 may result in decreased absorption of tetracycline.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and barbiturates or hydantoins may result in a decreased serum half‐life of tetracycline.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and carbamazepine may result in a decreased serum half‐life of tetracycline.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and digoxin may result in an increased serum level of digoxin.
Concurrent use of tetracycline and warfarin may result in increased activity of warfarin.



[Open in a separate window](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8130991/table/CD013099-tbl-0009/?report=objectonly)
Al: aluminium; Ca: calcium; CNS: central nervous system; Fe: iron; IM: intramuscular; IV: intravenous; Mg: magnesium; NSAIDs: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; Zn: zinc.
Surgical interventions,such as incision and drainage,are likely to be adequate for simple fluctuant folliculitis or boils ). Incision may cause scarring at the incised site ). Combined topical or systemic antibiotics is often employed,especially when there is a lack of response to incision and drainage alone,or when the lesion is in an area where complete drainage is difficult (e.g. face,hands,genitalia) ).
Phototherapy by monochromatic excimer light (308 nm) with 0.5 to 2 minimal erythema dose (MED) has been used as treatment for superficial folliculitis. [Nistic? 2009](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8130991/#CD013099-bbs2-0100) reported only mild adverse events such as local erythema.","department":"