下巴长痤疮怎样治疗

下巴长痤疮如何治疗配图，仅供参考

3.2.2. Antibiotics
Oral antibiotics are generally indicated for moderate to severe inflammatory acne,acne that shows resistance to previous topical treatment or for acne that covers a large surface area of the body . Acne is often treated with oral antibiotics such as macrolides (erythromycin,clindamycin,azithromycin and roxithromycin),fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin),tetracyclines (doxycycline,minocycline and lymecycline) and co-trimoxazole .
These antimicrobial agents inhibit the growth of P. acnes and the synthesis of inflammatory mediators released from P. acnes. The success of the antibiotic treatment is based on the ability of the agent to reach the lipid environment of the pilosebaceous follicles in the dermis,which is the area where P. acnes colonize. Tetracyclines are very popular because they are effective and inexpensive. Doxycycline and minocycline are preferred because they cause less gastrointestinal irritation,and they are more lipid soluble,penetrating the pilosebaceous follicle more efficiently . The tetracycline family exhibits both anti-inflammatory as well as antibacterial properties. Additionally,less resistance in P. acnes have been reported with the tetracyclines than the macrolides .
Not many studies have been performed to determine the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of acne,whereas clindamycin (topical) and erythromycin (topical and oral) have been well recognized as acne treatments . Erythromycin and clindamycin have little anti-inflammatory activity and mainly work by reducing the levels of P. acnes .
Since these antibiotics are used repetitively at low doses for extended periods of time during acne treatment,increasing resistance has developed overtime which has resulted in limited use of these agents . To reduce resistance and improve the efficacy,oral antibiotics should be combined with topical benzoyl peroxide or retinoids. Additionally,the duration of treatment should not exceed 12 weeks when feasible . It has also been suggested that if a patient is a good candidate for treatment with isotretinoin,long-term antibiotic treatment is unfeasible .","department":"