抽动障碍怎样治疗

抽动障碍如何治疗配图，仅供参考

Behavioral therapies:

• Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics and habit reversal training

• Exposure and response prevention †


Pharmacological therapies:

First-line
• Atypical antipsychotics (ie,aripiprazole ‡,tiapride ‡,and risperidone ‡ )
Second-line
• Typical antipsychotics (ie,haloperidol ‡ and pimozide ? )
• Anticonvulsants (ie,topiramate ? )
• Antidepressants (ie,desipramine ? )
• Chinese medicine (ie,Ningdong granule ‡ and 5-Ling granule ‡ )
• Neurotoxins (ie,Botulinum toxin injections ‡ [focal tics])

Neuromodulation therapies (for patients with severe,treatment-refractory symptoms):

• Deep brain stimulation targeted to the pallidum † or the thalamus †

• Transcranial magnetic stimulation † targeted to the supplementary motor area,primary motor area,or prefrontal cortex

Therapies that could have therapeutic effects on tics and comorbidities:

• Tourette syndrome plus obsessive-compulsive disorder: cognitive behavioral therapy (eg,exposure and response prevention) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ?

• Tourette syndrome plus attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: clonidine ‡ and guanfacine ?","department":"