肝吸虫怎样治疗

肝吸虫如何治疗配图，仅供参考

Large liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
# Etiology
It is a sheep and cattle bile duct worldwide parasite,causing sporadic infections in humans. The eggs are excreted in the feces. The larvae (miracidia) emerge from the eggs and penetrate freshwater snails (Lymnaea species),which,in turn,release cercarias. As metacercarias,they attach themselves to water plants,especially watercress. When eaten with the plant,they are released in the intestine and through its wall with blood they reach the liver parenchyma. After a few weeks,they settle in the bile ducts .
# Clinical course
By migrating through the liver parenchyma,they cause inflammatory infiltration,bleeding and necrosis of hepatocytes. Their presence in the bile ducts promotes the proliferation of epithelial cells,fibrosis and constriction of the inflamed bile ducts. As a consequence,a liver abscess is formed. In the phase of invasion and migration to the liver,there is pain in the right upper abdomen,hepatosplenomegaly,fever,vomiting,diarrhea,loss of appetite,urticaria,and slight jaundice. Years later,chronic cholangitis and secondary biliary cirrhosis develop .
# Diagnosis
Laboratory tests show leukocytosis with eosinophilia,increased activity of transaminases,bilirubin concentration,and acceleration of ESR . Diagnosis is based on the detection of eggs in the stool or bile. Nodular changes (4-10 mm),small liver abscesses and biliary tract abnormalities can be diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound or CT,or by cholangiography .
# Treatment
Treatment is based on the administration of triclabendazole or alternatively with nitazoxanide,possibly also with the addition of praziquantel . If oral therapy has been unsuccessful,endoscopic lavage of the biliary tract with povidone-iodine solution is recommended.","department":"